Information
The early Roman calendar was a lunisolar calendar that dates back as far as the 8th century BC and consisted of 10 months. Martius, now called March, was the first month, the beginning of the year. The Roman calendar went through changes over the centuries as people realized that the dates were no longer syncing up with the seasons. Ianuarius and Februarius, as well as occasional extra months called intercalary months were added to get the calendar closer to the solar year.
In 45 BC, Julius Caesar, with the help of astronomers, implemented the Julian Calendar to make it a truly solar calendar with 365 days. The Gregorian calendar, implemented by Pope George XIII in 1582, is the calendar that is currently used across most of the world. It is a modification of the Julian calendar to improve leap years.
Months
# | Early Roman Calendar (Lunisolar) | Julian Calendar (Solar) | Gregorian Calendar (Solar) |
1 | Martius | Ianuarius | |
2 | Aprilis | Februarius | |
3 | Maius | Martius | |
4 | Iunius | Aprilis | |
5 | Quintilis | Maius | |
6 | Sextilis | Iunius | |
7 | September | Quintilis -> Iulius | |
8 | October | Sextilis -> Augustus | |
9 | November | September | |
10 | December | October | |
11 | ​ | November | |
12 | ​ | December | |
# Days in Year | 304 | 365 | 365 |
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